One of the main adverse effects of this drug is tissue damage at the injection site and reduced accumulation of the drug in the parasite. ISM SANPs were biocompatible at various concentrations tested on the mammalian cells. Our investigations established a dose-dependent cyto-compatibility or toxicity and DNA impairment (genotoxicity) in ISM SANPs-treated horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We thought it pertinent to quantify the AP sites in ISM SANPs-treated cells. The intensity of the cellular AP site is an excellent marker of the deterioration of DNA quality. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are one of the major types of DNA lesions formed during base excision and repair of oxidized, deaminated, or alkylated bases. We intended to determine the cytocompatibility/toxicity, and DNA deterioration/chromosomal structural or number changes (genotoxicity) of ISM SANPs using mammalian cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We synthesized isometamidium chloride-loaded alginate gum acacia nanoformulation (ISM SANPS) to lessen the detrimental side effects of isometamidium chloride (ISM) while treating trypanosomal diseases. ISM was found to be an efficient trypanocide for therapeutic/prophylactic use against trypanosomosis however, it produces some local and systemic detrimental effects in animals. Isometamidium chloride (ISM) is a trypanocide for the prophylactic and therapeutic use against vector-borne animal trypanosomosis (mainly Surra caused by Trypanosoma evansi) and African animal trypanosomosis caused by T.
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